The Department of Geology, in collaboration with the Continuing Education Unit at the College of Science, University of Baghdad, held a panel discussion entitled “The Concept of Ancient Geological Times and the Study of Fossils (Importance, Formation, and Index Fossils).” The panel discussion aimed to comprehend geological times, from before the emergence of life to the present, and to identify the important and guiding types of fossils that indicate geological times, how they were formed, and their geological importance. The panel discussion, presented by Assistant Professor Louai Samir Shaker and Dr. Anwar Kadim Mousa, included an explanation of the ancient geological times before the emergence of life until the present time, the primitive districts that arose with the beginning of ancient life, it also addressed the events of mass extinctions that occurred during the various geological times and the reasons for these extinctions.

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