The Department of Geology, in collaboration with the Continuing Education Unit at the College of Science, University of Baghdad, organized a panel discussion titled “Geology of Mountains.” The lecture aimed to introduce the formation of mountains, which are geological processes accompanied by extensive movements of the Earth’s crust. The formation of mountains is linked to plate tectonics, where folding, faulting, volcanic activity and alteration of rock structures are all parts of the mountain-forming process. The lecture presented by Dr. Rana Abbas Ali included a discussion of understanding the terrain by basic tectonic processes. It explained that mountains consist of massive blocks of rocks uplifted or folded above the surrounding surface, and these blocks are exposed to erosion factors by water, ice, and sometimes shaped by winds. Dr. Rana highlighted the distinction of naming a region a “mountain” based on significant variations in elevation, while areas that are elevated but maintain a flat surface are called plateaus.

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