Oxygen is essential for life. Oxygen is needed for the oxidation reactions that promotes the conversion of nutrients in food to energy. The ability of animal cells to promptly respond and adapt to variations in oxygen availability is crucial for their lives. Specialized cells in the kidneys sense the variations in oxygen levels in the blood and release the hormone erythropoietin (EPO) which stimulates stem cells of the bone marrow to increase the production of red blood cells. Years ago, the mechanism by which the kidneys are stimulates to produce EPO in response to decreased oxygen levels was still unidentified. Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine in 2019 was awarded to William G. Kaelin Jr., Sir Peter J. Ratcliffe and Gregg L. Semenza for their discoveries of how cells sense and adapt to oxygen availability. They identified the molecular mechanism that controls oxygen sensing inside the body.
The entire details of their investigation will be discussed in this lecture. Furthermore, the molecular machinery that regulates the activity of some genes and proteins in response to varying levels of oxygen will be described extensively. Some applications of this process that related to their discovery will be also explained.
A master’s thesis is discussed in College of science, University of Baghdad, about the biostratigraphy and depositional environmental of Yamama formation in Faihaa oil field southern Iraq
In the College of science, University of Baghdad, a master’s thesis was discussed, tagged “Biostratigraphy and Depositional Environmental of Yamama Formation in Faihaa Oil Field Southern Iraq” by the research student Maryam Mohammad Taha and presented to the Geology Department under the supervision by Dr. Salam I.
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